Title:
Comparison of Power Storage Technologies in the Island of Crete, Greece: Batteries, Pumped-Hydro Storage and Hydrogen-Based Systems

Authors:
John Vourdoubas, Greece

Abstract:

The integration of renewable energy sources into power systems requires the deployment of electricity storage technologies that enhance grid stability and reliability. Pumped-hydro storage (PHS), electric batteries, and hydrogen-based (H₂) storage systems have been investigated for potential application in the island of Crete, Greece, which possesses abundant solar and wind energy resources. Power storage technologies can be classified according to the type of energy conversion involved, including mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, electrical, and thermal storage. Pumped-hydro storage and battery technologies are already widely deployed in utility-scale applications worldwide, whereas hydrogen-based storage systems have not yet reached full technological maturity or cost competitiveness. Each power storage method is characterized by specific technical and economic parameters, including capital cost, response time, lifespan, safety, flexibility, scalability, modularity, storage duration, operational scale, and environmental impact. The advantages and limitations of these technologies with regard to their potential deployment in Crete have been analyzed. Among the available power storage technologies, batteries and pumped-hydro storage can currently be implemented in Crete, whereas hydrogen-based storage systems have not yet been fully commercialized. The results of the present study highlight the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of different energy storage technologies that are expected to play an important role in Crete’s energy transition by facilitating the integration of intermittent solar and wind energy into the local power grid.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2026.11218